VPN Basics

VPN Basics: What it is, how it works

A VPN is a tool that encrypts your internet connection and routes it through a secure server. This page explains the basics in simple terms so you can make smarter decisions in Canada.

What a VPN is

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. It creates a protected tunnel between your device and a trusted server so your traffic is harder to intercept. For a simple definition, see Simple English Wikipedia or the more detailed Wikipedia VPN article.

How a VPN works

  • Your device connects to a VPN server instead of going directly to websites.
  • Data is encrypted in transit, which reduces risks on public networks.
  • Websites see the VPN server location instead of your home IP address.
Diagram showing a VPN encrypting your data and routing it through a secure tunnel to a VPN server
A VPN encrypts your traffic before it leaves your device, then routes it through a VPN server.

Who this is for

Canadians who work remotely, travel often, or rely on shared Wi-Fi at cafés, airports, and schools. Tech users who want to understand the basics without marketing noise will also benefit.

What to do / Why it matters

  • What to do: Use a VPN on public Wi-Fi. Why it matters: It adds an encrypted tunnel that lowers risk.
  • What to do: Keep your device updated. Why it matters: A VPN cannot protect unpatched software.
  • What to do: Learn the limits. Why it matters: It is not a total privacy shield.

When a VPN helps

  • Public Wi-Fi in cafés, hotels, or airports.
  • Remote work sessions that involve sensitive documents.
  • Reducing ISP tracking of the sites you visit.

When a VPN does NOT help

  • It will not stop phishing emails or unsafe downloads.
  • It does not fix weak passwords or reused logins.
  • It cannot secure a device already infected with malware.

Common mistakes

  • Leaving the VPN off when switching networks.
  • Assuming a VPN makes you anonymous.
  • Skipping device security basics like updates and backups.

Next steps

Learn more in our VPN Safety Checklist or explore VPN Myths & Truths.

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